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aim during my hours of free time after teaching the religious sciences and
writing, for at this period I was burdened with the teaching and instruction of
three hundred students in Baghdad. By my solitary reading Allah brought me
in less than two years to a complete understanding of the sciences of the
philosophers. Thereafter I continued to constantly reflect for nearly a year on
what I had come to understand, going over it in my mind again and again
and probing its jumbled depths, until I comprehended surely and certainly
how far it was deceitful and confusing and how far true and representing
reality.

Here is an account of this discipline and the achievement of its sciences.
There are various schools of philosophers, and their approaches are divided
into various branches; but throughout their numerous schools they suffer from
the defect of being infidels and irreligious men, even though some are much
closer to the truth than others.

A. The schools of philosophers, and how the defect of unbelief affects them
all.