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lilic and social experiments. This achievement alone has been
bailed as one of the greatest in world history. It was also this socie-
ty which developed great universities at Basrah, Kufah, Baghdad,
( airo and Cordoba, over one hundred years before any such
developments in Europe. These learning centers drew the best
students from throughout Asia, Africa and Europe.
The zero, decimal notation and the values of the positions of
digits were all invented by a Muslim mathematician, Muhammad
Ibn Musa, and knowledge of the digits of today's universally ac-
cepted numeral system came to the West from Muslims. Muslims
invented the mathematical sciences of algebra and trigonometry.
In physics they invented the pendulum, and did great works in the
livid of optics. They developed an extensive knowledge of astron-
omy, built numerous observatories and constructed many astro-
nomical instruments which are still in use. They calculated the
.ingle of the ecliptic and the procession of the equinoxes. In medi-
< ine they studied physiology and hygiene, and many of their meth-
bailed as one of the greatest in world history. It was also this socie-
ty which developed great universities at Basrah, Kufah, Baghdad,
( airo and Cordoba, over one hundred years before any such
developments in Europe. These learning centers drew the best
students from throughout Asia, Africa and Europe.
The zero, decimal notation and the values of the positions of
digits were all invented by a Muslim mathematician, Muhammad
Ibn Musa, and knowledge of the digits of today's universally ac-
cepted numeral system came to the West from Muslims. Muslims
invented the mathematical sciences of algebra and trigonometry.
In physics they invented the pendulum, and did great works in the
livid of optics. They developed an extensive knowledge of astron-
omy, built numerous observatories and constructed many astro-
nomical instruments which are still in use. They calculated the
.ingle of the ecliptic and the procession of the equinoxes. In medi-
< ine they studied physiology and hygiene, and many of their meth-