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SpiritualRoadmapbyGhazali, page : 48
A. The schools of philosophers, and how the defect of unbelief affects them all.
The many philosophical sects and systems constitute three main groups: the
Materialists (Dahriyun), the Naturalists (Tabi`iyun), and the Theists (Ilahyun).
The first group, the Materialists, are among the earliest philosophers. They
deny the Creator and Disposer of the world, Omniscient and Omnipotent, and
consider that the world has forever existed just as it is, of itself and without a
creator, and that animals come from seed and seed from animals; this is the way
it is and will forever be. These are the Zanadigah or irreligious people.
The second group, the Naturalists, are a body of philosophers who research
the world of nature and the marvels of animals and plants and have spent great
efforts in dissecting the organs of animals. They see there enough of the
wonders of Allah‟s creation and the inventions of His Wisdom to compel them to
acknowledge a wise Creator Who is aware of the aims and purposes of things.
No one can make a careful study of anatomy and the wonderful uses of the
members and organs without realizing the obvious knowledge that there is a
The many philosophical sects and systems constitute three main groups: the
Materialists (Dahriyun), the Naturalists (Tabi`iyun), and the Theists (Ilahyun).
The first group, the Materialists, are among the earliest philosophers. They
deny the Creator and Disposer of the world, Omniscient and Omnipotent, and
consider that the world has forever existed just as it is, of itself and without a
creator, and that animals come from seed and seed from animals; this is the way
it is and will forever be. These are the Zanadigah or irreligious people.
The second group, the Naturalists, are a body of philosophers who research
the world of nature and the marvels of animals and plants and have spent great
efforts in dissecting the organs of animals. They see there enough of the
wonders of Allah‟s creation and the inventions of His Wisdom to compel them to
acknowledge a wise Creator Who is aware of the aims and purposes of things.
No one can make a careful study of anatomy and the wonderful uses of the
members and organs without realizing the obvious knowledge that there is a