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  • SpiritualRoadmapbyGhazali, page : 51

All that is part of the philosophy of Aristotle and falls under three heads: (1)
what must be counted as unbelief; (2) what must be counted as heresy; (3) what
is not to be denied at all. Let us proceed to the details:

B. The Various Philosophical Sciences. For our present purpose the
philosophical sciences are six in number: mathematics, logic, natural science,
theology, politics, and ethics.

1. MATHEMATICS. This embraces arithmetic, plane geometry and solid
geometry. None of its results are connected with religious matters, either to deny
or to affirm them. They are matters of demonstration which it is impossible to
deny once they have been understood and comprehended. Nevertheless, there
are two drawbacks which arise from mathematics.

(a) The first is that every student of mathematics admires its precision and the
clarity of its demonstrations. This leads him to believe in the philosophers and to
think that all their sciences resemble this one in clarity and demonstrative
cogency. Further, he has already heard the accounts on everyone‟s lips of their