-
SpiritualRoadmapbyGhazali, page : 56
men are animals, then it follows that some animals are men‟. They express this
by saying that `the universal affirmative proposition has as its converse a
particular affirmative proposition‟. What connection has this with the essentials of
religion, that it should be denied or rejected? If such a denial is made, the only
effect upon the logicians is to impair their belief in the intelligence of the man who
made the denial and, what is worse, in his religion, inasmuch as he considers
that it rests on such denials.
Moreover, there is a type of mistake into which students of logic are liable to
fall. They draw up a list of the conditions to be fulfilled by demonstration, which
are known without fail to produce certainty. When, however, they come at length
to treat „of religious questions, not merely are they unable to satisfy these
conditions, but they admit an extreme degree of relaxation (sc. of their standards
of proof). Frequently, too, the student who admires logic and sees its clarity,
imagines that the infidel doctrines attributed to the philosophers are supported by
similar demonstrations, and hastens into unbelief before reaching the theological
(or metaphysical) sciences. Thus this drawback too leads to unbelief.
3. NATURAL SCIENCE OR PHYSICS. This is the investigation of the sphere of
by saying that `the universal affirmative proposition has as its converse a
particular affirmative proposition‟. What connection has this with the essentials of
religion, that it should be denied or rejected? If such a denial is made, the only
effect upon the logicians is to impair their belief in the intelligence of the man who
made the denial and, what is worse, in his religion, inasmuch as he considers
that it rests on such denials.
Moreover, there is a type of mistake into which students of logic are liable to
fall. They draw up a list of the conditions to be fulfilled by demonstration, which
are known without fail to produce certainty. When, however, they come at length
to treat „of religious questions, not merely are they unable to satisfy these
conditions, but they admit an extreme degree of relaxation (sc. of their standards
of proof). Frequently, too, the student who admires logic and sees its clarity,
imagines that the infidel doctrines attributed to the philosophers are supported by
similar demonstrations, and hastens into unbelief before reaching the theological
(or metaphysical) sciences. Thus this drawback too leads to unbelief.
3. NATURAL SCIENCE OR PHYSICS. This is the investigation of the sphere of