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SpiritualRoadmapbyGhazali, page : 58
4. THEOLOGY OR METAPHYSICS. Here occur most of the errors of the
philosophers. They are unable to satisfy the conditions of proof they lay down in
logic, and consequently differ much from one another here. The views of Aristotle,
as expounded by al-Farabi and Ibn Sina, are close to those of the Islamic writers.
All their errors are comprised under twenty heads, on three of which they must
be reckoned infidels and on seventeen heretics. It was to show the falsity of their
views on these twenty points that I composed The Incoherence of the
Philosophers. The three points in which they differ from all the Muslims are as
follows:
(a) They say that for bodies there is no resurrection; it is bare spirits which are
rewarded or punished; and the rewards and punishments are spiritual, not bodily.
They certainly speak truth in affirming the spiritual ones, since these do exist as
well; but they speak falsely in denying the bodily ones and in their
pronouncements disbelieve the Divine law.
(b) They say that Allah knows universals but not particulars. This too is plain
unbelief. The truth is that `there does not escape Him the weight of an atom in
philosophers. They are unable to satisfy the conditions of proof they lay down in
logic, and consequently differ much from one another here. The views of Aristotle,
as expounded by al-Farabi and Ibn Sina, are close to those of the Islamic writers.
All their errors are comprised under twenty heads, on three of which they must
be reckoned infidels and on seventeen heretics. It was to show the falsity of their
views on these twenty points that I composed The Incoherence of the
Philosophers. The three points in which they differ from all the Muslims are as
follows:
(a) They say that for bodies there is no resurrection; it is bare spirits which are
rewarded or punished; and the rewards and punishments are spiritual, not bodily.
They certainly speak truth in affirming the spiritual ones, since these do exist as
well; but they speak falsely in denying the bodily ones and in their
pronouncements disbelieve the Divine law.
(b) They say that Allah knows universals but not particulars. This too is plain
unbelief. The truth is that `there does not escape Him the weight of an atom in