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thus say that they were told such and such and that they have said such and
such and imitate thereby al Husayn ibn Mansur al Hallaj who was crucified for
letting slip from his lips certain words of this type, and cite as an example his
saying: “I am the Truth.” (Ana‟l Haqq).

The second type of ecstatic utterances comprises unintelligible words with
pleasing externals of, which some, though awesome, are useless. They may be
of two kinds: the first and more common comprises words unintelligible to the


author who utters them because of the perplexity in his own mind and the
confusion in his imagination resulting from his ignorance of the exact meaning of
the words, which he hears; while the seconds represents words, which may be
intelligible to their author who, however, because of his insufficient practice in
science and his lack of instruction in rhetoric, is unable to convey them to others
through language, which can express his thoughts.

As to heresies (tammat), they comprise, besides what we have already
mentioned under the ecstatic utterances (shath), another thing characteristic of