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  • ArticlesOfTheIslamicFaithByGhazali, page : 114

with the strong cord against the dictates of reason,

and (to emulate) the lives and beliefs of the ancients with
the clear method, combining thereby the products of reason
and the ordinances of the religion.

Furthermore they found out that mere verbal repetition of the
words "There is no god except Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger
of Allah" is of no avail unless they completely understand
what the fundamentals of the witness involve of principle

and pillars. They also have known that the two witnessing phrases,
despite their brevity, contain an affirmation of the

existence of Allah Himself, His Attributes, and His Deeds,

as well as an affirmation of the truthfulness of the Messenger

-the praise and peace be upon him - And they also knew that