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Fasting_by_Ghazali, page : 14
There are six outward duties pertaining to the fast of Ramadan:
1. The watch for the sighting of the crescent and its proclamation. If clouds
impair its sighting then the length of Shaban is to be extended to 30 days.
The sighting of the new moon of Ramadan is established by it being
witnessed by a Muslim known to be truthful and trustworthy. However, the
sighting of the new moon of Shawwal is to be witnessed by two truthful and
trustworthy people as a precaution.
Once a trustworthy witness announces he has seen the new moon and is
believed, the fast becomes obligatory upon those whose ears it reaches, even
though an Islamic judge may not have announced the arrival of the new
month.
Whenever the new moon is sighted, be it in another city or country that share
the same beginning of the day, the fast becomes incumbent upon the two.
2. It is imperative during Ramadan to make the intention to fast every night
1. The watch for the sighting of the crescent and its proclamation. If clouds
impair its sighting then the length of Shaban is to be extended to 30 days.
The sighting of the new moon of Ramadan is established by it being
witnessed by a Muslim known to be truthful and trustworthy. However, the
sighting of the new moon of Shawwal is to be witnessed by two truthful and
trustworthy people as a precaution.
Once a trustworthy witness announces he has seen the new moon and is
believed, the fast becomes obligatory upon those whose ears it reaches, even
though an Islamic judge may not have announced the arrival of the new
month.
Whenever the new moon is sighted, be it in another city or country that share
the same beginning of the day, the fast becomes incumbent upon the two.
2. It is imperative during Ramadan to make the intention to fast every night