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  • Spiritual_Roadmap_by_Ghazali, page : 47

the soul dies
and does not return to life, and they deny the future life of heaven, hell, resurrection, and
judgment; they
think that there is no reward for obedience or punishment for sin. With this limit removed, they
give way to a
bestial indulgence of their appetites.

They are also irreligious for the basis of faith is faith in Allah and in the Last
Day, and they, though
believing in Allah and His attributes, deny the Last Day.

The third group, the Theists, are the more modern philosophers and include Socrates, his pupil
Plato, and
the latter‟s pupil Aristotle. It was Aristotle who systematized logic for them and organized the
sciences,
securing a higher degree of accuracy and bringing them to maturity.

The Theists in general attacked the two previous groups, the Materialists and the
Naturalists, and