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influence in constituting the powers of animals. They hold that even the
intellectual power in man is dependent on that makeup, so that as the
makeup is corrupted, intellect also is corrupted and ceases to exist. Then
when a thing ceases to exist, it is unthinkable in their opinion that the non-
existent should return to existence. So they think that the soul dies and
does not return to life, and they deny the future life of heaven, hell,
resurrection, and judgment; they think that there is no reward for obedience
or punishment for sin. With this limit removed, they give way to a bestial
indulgence of their appetites.
They are also irreligious for the basis of faith is faith in Allah and in the
Last Day, and they, though believing in Allah and His attributes, deny the
Last Day.
The third group, the Theists, are the more modern philosophers and include
Socrates, his pupil Plato, and the latter‟s pupil Aristotle. It was Aristotle who
systematized logic for them and organized the sciences, securing a higher
intellectual power in man is dependent on that makeup, so that as the
makeup is corrupted, intellect also is corrupted and ceases to exist. Then
when a thing ceases to exist, it is unthinkable in their opinion that the non-
existent should return to existence. So they think that the soul dies and
does not return to life, and they deny the future life of heaven, hell,
resurrection, and judgment; they think that there is no reward for obedience
or punishment for sin. With this limit removed, they give way to a bestial
indulgence of their appetites.
They are also irreligious for the basis of faith is faith in Allah and in the
Last Day, and they, though believing in Allah and His attributes, deny the
Last Day.
The third group, the Theists, are the more modern philosophers and include
Socrates, his pupil Plato, and the latter‟s pupil Aristotle. It was Aristotle who
systematized logic for them and organized the sciences, securing a higher