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COWS-fed-barely-sprouting-fodders, page : 31
Calves should be vaccinated against blackleg, which is caused by bacteria in the soil such as malignant edema and other clostridial diseases when they are young, however calves vaccinated before 2 months old may not gain adequate immunity because their immune system is still immature.
If calves are vaccinated in the first weeks of life they should be revaccinated and given another booster shot at weaning time.
Weaning is stressful to calves, and makes them vulnerable to respiratory diseases. Vaccinate against those diseases a couple of weeks before weaning if possible, so the calf has a chance to develop immunity before the stress of weaning.
If you vaccinated in the autumn just after weaning, yearlings need a booster vaccination in the spring. If you plan to butcher them in later summer or the autumn they won’t need to be vaccinated after this. But if you keep them over another winter you may need to give other booster shots in the autumn. Most calves are big enough to butcher by the autumn if they are a yearling.
Yearlings – that is calves between 1 and 2 years – and cows should be vaccinated annually or half-yearly. Make sure you vaccinate for IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) and BVD (bovine viral diarrhea) during the period between calving and rebreeding when cows are NOT pregnant. Some vaccinations must be given at least three weeks before rebreeding since live virus vaccines can cause abortions or problems in developing fetus. Cows also need enough time to develop immunity before they become pregnant.
There is a vaccine against 5 of the most common types of Lepto that cause abortion in cows and gives immunity for approximately 6 months. For good protection cows should be vaccinated twice a year, since Lepto can cause abortion at any stage of pregnancy. Leptospiros also affects humans.
Vitamin A is essential for healthy epithelial tissue – that is the membrane lining the internal organs of the body. When cows are deficient in vitamin A calves may not be strong and healthy at birth. Severe deficiency may result and calves may be still-born. If feed is dry from the effects of drought or bleached by too much moisture, it may not contain enough vitamin A, when this is the case resolve the problem by giving pregnant cows an injection of vitamin A few weeks before calving.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF VACCINES
Make sure the vaccines have been refrigerated and check expiration dates on labels. Vaccines stored beyond the expiration date lose potency.
If calves are vaccinated in the first weeks of life they should be revaccinated and given another booster shot at weaning time.
Weaning is stressful to calves, and makes them vulnerable to respiratory diseases. Vaccinate against those diseases a couple of weeks before weaning if possible, so the calf has a chance to develop immunity before the stress of weaning.
If you vaccinated in the autumn just after weaning, yearlings need a booster vaccination in the spring. If you plan to butcher them in later summer or the autumn they won’t need to be vaccinated after this. But if you keep them over another winter you may need to give other booster shots in the autumn. Most calves are big enough to butcher by the autumn if they are a yearling.
Yearlings – that is calves between 1 and 2 years – and cows should be vaccinated annually or half-yearly. Make sure you vaccinate for IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) and BVD (bovine viral diarrhea) during the period between calving and rebreeding when cows are NOT pregnant. Some vaccinations must be given at least three weeks before rebreeding since live virus vaccines can cause abortions or problems in developing fetus. Cows also need enough time to develop immunity before they become pregnant.
There is a vaccine against 5 of the most common types of Lepto that cause abortion in cows and gives immunity for approximately 6 months. For good protection cows should be vaccinated twice a year, since Lepto can cause abortion at any stage of pregnancy. Leptospiros also affects humans.
Vitamin A is essential for healthy epithelial tissue – that is the membrane lining the internal organs of the body. When cows are deficient in vitamin A calves may not be strong and healthy at birth. Severe deficiency may result and calves may be still-born. If feed is dry from the effects of drought or bleached by too much moisture, it may not contain enough vitamin A, when this is the case resolve the problem by giving pregnant cows an injection of vitamin A few weeks before calving.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF VACCINES
Make sure the vaccines have been refrigerated and check expiration dates on labels. Vaccines stored beyond the expiration date lose potency.