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IBR infectious bovine rhinotracheitis – often called "red nose" in the third trimester is another cause of abortion. It causes upper respiratory disease with fever, lack of appetite, nasal discharge, reddened nasal membranes, coughing, ulcers in the nose, throat and windpipe. It can also lead to secondary pneumonia. If a cow is inflected with IBR the virus may well infect the fetus and cause abortion. IBR can occur at anytime during gestation but is most common in the 2nd half. Cows may or may not show signs of IBR, often, the only evidence in adult cattle is the aborted fetuses. Abortions may occur several days or even weeks after the actual infection.

BVD – bovine virus diarrhea causes abortion or mummification of fetus – that is the fetus dies but is not expelled and remains encapsulated in the uterus. If calves are carried to full term they are born with abnormalities, i.e. eye lesions, partial hairlessness etc. AN INTRANASAL VACCINE IS SAFE FOR PREGNANT COWS OR CALVES NURSING FROM PREGNANT COWS – MODIFIED LIVE-VIRUS INJECTION MAY CAUSE COWS TO ABORT AND OCCUR 2 – 10 WEEKS AFTER THE INJECTION.

Listerosis is amongst the causes of abortion. It is transmitted from bacteria carried by rodents and other animals. There is no way to prevent it by vaccination. However, the good news is that it is uncommon.

Venereal diseases can cause abortion and is transmitted by an infected bull at the time of breeding. The infection causes death of the embryo early in pregnancy. There are times when the embryo dies so early that the cow returns to heat and you think she did not conceive, but in some cases the fetus is carried for a few months and then aborted. These diseases can be prevented by vaccinating cows and making sure the bull is not infected. Bulls can be carriers for several years.

Trichomoniasis causes abortion and is spread by infected bulls. The disease occasionally causes late term abortions, but it is most common for her to abort in the first 90 days. There is the possibility that an infected cow will not breed again.

Locoweed, lupine, broomweed, ponderosa pine needles can cause abortions or birth defects. Abortion may occur as early as 48 hours after a cow eats pine needles, but some cows abort 2 weeks later. A cow might deliver a live calf if she is near the end of her pregnancy, however, cows aborting of having eaten even just a few pine needles retain the placenta. Some abortions may be complicated by weak uterine contractions, excessive bleeding, and incomplete dilation of the cervix, which is the opening between the uterus and vagina that is usually sealed, the fetus may not be properly expelled. Some cows develop toxemia and die before or shortly after the abortion unless given prompt treatment.

Other problems that may occur in pregnancy:
Usually a cow carries her calf to full term without having problems, but there are occasions